Need for Immigration Reform

immigration refers to the movement of flock from one country to devolve in another. In the joined States of America, orthogonalers shake up since time immemorial been locomote in and settling in the U.S. in-migration brings about culture tack as different concourse have varying cultures. at that place has been p each(prenominal)y disintegration between those who argon inherently in the U.S and those who came to settle there. In most cases they were excluded from the U.S citizenship.The Mc Carran-Walter suffice, which is to a fault known as the Immigration and Nationality mask of 1952, establishes the basic laws of citizenship and immigration in the U.S. over the years this law has belowgone some(prenominal) changes. The law initially admitted a certain number of immigration of each nationality. This means that on attaining the specified number of immigrants other people were excluded from U.S. (Bromwell 225)In 1965, the congress passed a law that paved way to immigr ants with certain skills ask by the U.S. It also allowed close relatives of U.S citizens the preference to live in U.S. In 1990, a law was passed that reinforced the 1965 one.Aliens were allowed to attain U.S citizenship muchover after organism admitted as sub judice immigrants. Again, those who fled to the U.S after being officially certified as refugees could receive immigrant status. The legal system in the U.S was racial discriminatory. The sequence of laws from 1882 by means of with(predicate) 1934 excluded immigrants from China, lacquer, India and the Philippines. It was therefore biased.( http//www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.html)The Chinese elision of cause of 1882 proscribed citizenship for Chinese immigrants in 1884, 1886 and 1888 other flecks were passed to reinforce this act. It was the nevertheless act that was so explicit on race-based immigration. The Immigration Act of 1917 Exclusion of Asiatic Indians Act. This Act was passed basing on the posi tion that their racial and paganal status was not well elaborated.In 1922, Japan born appli bottomts who had lived in the U.S for most of their lives could not dumbfound U.S citizenship. This was done with the melody that their language differed very much from the U.S and this would create troubles. However, so as not to create problems based on color, the courtroom defined white as Caucasian.In 1923, as immigrants from India and Bhagat Singh Thind attempted to claim that they were Caucasian. The court changed the definition. It sidelined anthropological and historical issues to coin a word that would not earn much attention. It also separated the desirable immigrants form the undesirable ones. (Josiah 57)The Immigration Act of 1924 excluded Japanese from U.S citizenship. This act totally excluded Japanese and other Asiatic who had been barred by the 1790 Naturalization law that stated that only whites could be naturalized as citizens. It was aimed at reducing or balancing eth nic distribution as immigrants from Europe and Asia were increasing drastically. (Miller et al, 304)The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1932 excluded Filipinos easy introduction to its citizenship it reduced the number of persons to be taken in to of 50 persons per year. Filipinos living in the U.S were named or titled alienates. The U.S reaction against the Filipinos was connected with issue of Philippine independence from U.S colonization. This was equivalent a hit back gesture towards the Filipinos. (http//www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.html)In 1913, 1920, 1923 alien land laws prohibited the Asians, immigrants from owning whatsoever form of property including land. The U.S considered those who were not whites ineligible to acquire citizenship and so could not own property.The Asian Barred zone Act of 1917, denied people from South Asia to South East Asia and the islands. In the Indian and Pacific oceans surprisingly, it excluded American possessions of the Philippines and Guam.The Magnuson Act of 1943 brought a significant change to the plight of immigrants of Asian origin. It repealed the 1882 exclusion act that prohibited immigrants of Asian origin from gaining U.S citizenship. It established a quota for Chinese immigrants and make Chinese eligible for citizenship. (Bromwell 225)The Mc Carran Act of 1952 abolished the 1917 Asia Barred Zone Act and allowed Asian immigration into the United States based on ethnic quotas. The quotas were not specified on nationality but through racialized ethnic categories. c ethnic persons were allowed to enter U.S annually. These were from diverse nations. The Cold War effects made the U.S to have strict quotas that were based on strategic territorial mapping. some(prenominal) alien who engaged in questionable activities would be deported on the claims of unrestricted interest or national surety threat issues. (Miller et al, 57)The 1965 immigration act removed natural origins as the basis of the U.S immigration legislation. This is say that considering citizens only by make was eliminated. It was an amendment of the 1952 Mc Carren Act. It gave preferences to people of the Eastern Hemisphere and allowed their braggy unmarried sons and daughters to be citizens. Spouses and unmarried sons and daughters of everlasting residents could also gain U.S citizenship. Professionals, scientists and artists who had fundamental capabilities were allowed in too.Other categories of people who got U.S citizenship were married adults sons and daughters of U.S citizenship, brothers and sisters of adult citizens, utilizationers both adept and un adept who would fill the deficient labor supply in the U.S as well as refugees who came from communist based countries. Those affected by natural calamities were also allowed.After 1965, legal regulations on immigration shifted their focus or refocused on how definition was posture. For instance alien was replaced with under-the-counter. The Asia immigrant hist ory is reflected in the Asian American culture and they do remember how the U.S segregated them.The Indochina migration and refugee Assistance Act of 1975, the Refugee Act of 1980, and the Amerasian homecoming Act of 1987 facilitated the immigration and settlement of Southeast Asian refugees. The Asian immigration comprised immigrants from South Korea, Philippines, South Vietnam and Cambodia and was due to U.S colonialism, war and neocolonialism. near Asians immigrated due to disruption by colonialism or distortions form neocolonial practices like capitalist frugality or due to war.In 1986 the Immigrant enlighten and Control Act was put in place. It was to reform the current situation on immigration. The Immigration Act of 1990 reinforced it. Illegal citizens got citizenship those who were there before 1982. It was a crime to claim illegal immigrants. Immigration today is still a sensitive flat than creates, contradictions between the capital and the state, economic and politica l imperatives. Californians Proposition 187 was passed in 1994 and it denies education and medical c atomic number 18 to illegal immigrants. It is observed that groups aimed here atomic number 18 Mexicans and Latinos.Latinos and Mexicans have provided semi-skilled labor to the U.S since the 1950s. They work in farms, hotels and domestic services in U.S and they get low wages for that. They work under poor conditions. The U.S does not alter their working conditions and those positions do not attract its own citizens. This perpetuates the movement of illegal immigration in search for low wage jobs. (George 52)The 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 made significant changes on institution law, immigration delay, and criminal-related immigration.The Real ID Act of 2005 was aimed at barring terrorism. National standards were established, waiving laws that interfered with tress of physical barriers at the borders. It entailed frightening laws on application for asylum and alien transferral for terrorism activity. The government funded reports with security and changing endorse limits for temporary worker workers.After the 9/11 U.S had to reform the immigration laws. Entry of cultivated immigration was to be put into the national crime development center, a computer crime database to criminalize it. Deportation was to take place. People keep immigrants would be jailed. Employees volition be required to verify their employees eligibility to work through the employment eligibility verification systems. Illegal workers were to be granted invitee workers visas. H-1 B visas would be designed for comprises to employ temporary skilled workers.There is need to reform the current, immigration rules and regulations in U.S. the rule of verifying ones immigration status even in churches is an extreme. It reduces the work of the church leaders to immigration enforcement officials. Being penalized for helping immigrants who in most cases are poor is jeopardizing with Christians credence of a call to help. It bequeath create conflict between the church and the state. ( bank note Ong Hing 79)Today, the system will fail to attract and retain legal permanent immigrants who are most able to summate valuable human resources to the country. Reforms ought to be done to legal permanent and temporary systems to promote recruitment and retainment of migrants who can contribute to the U.S national interest in immigration. Reforming of changing the institutional and regulatory structure governing the employment of immigrants within the U.S to ensure migrants contribute maximally to development of U.S and at reduced costs. Immigration control policies should be changed and immigration should not be used as a tool of foreign policy.( http//ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdf)The government should tackle long-term issues regarding to the immigrants role in the economy instead of tackling new temporary worker program. Th e immigration hooter will cost the country a lot of money and this would be jeopardized if ID thieving were carried out. Creation of Employment Eligibility Verification (EEV) systems that will entail high levels of sharing of information across many electronic databases can be considerably tampered. EEVS will expose peoples personal information like social security records, passport and visa records and even birth and death records, all of which can be used for identity.The 2005 House of Representatives bill 4437 (H.R 4437) about creating a fence along Mexico and criminalizing the aiding of illegal immigrants and mandatory detention of illegal aliens is an in called for measure. It is against the international human rights as the immigrants are people who have rights. Detaining someone without evidence of crime committed is an unfair act. Although the H-1 B visas will allow immigrants to work in U.S companies temporarily is not goodly enough. There will be extreme competition f or the visas provided. The industries that benefit a lot from foreign expertise will not optimize their production, as they would want the number of visas increased.( Bill Ong Hing 79)More rational and long-term solutions should be sought to replace the harsh penalties that have been put in place. The surgical procedure of legally attempting to enter the U.S and the workforce is not only complex but also expensive and time consuming even for those who would could add rank to the countrys human resource.Immigration to Australia is different from the U.S. the country has a strong economy and attracts highly skilled young people who are willing. It uses fair criteria in absorbing immigrants into its workforce. It applies ones qualifications, work make love as well as language proficiency. It has established immigration programs like the Humanitarian Program and Australian Family Migration.It emphasizes on attracting people who can contribute positively to the economy. It assists imm igrants in settling by helping them reside in areas of their choice. Canada is one of the worlds top immigration destination and more than 200,000 new arrivals come under the Canada immigration system annually. It is easier to settle in Canada and obtaining a visa is not very difficult. Like Australia, Canada encourages people with skills and live and those who are to venture into business. A large proportion of immigration to Canada is under family re union and refugee programs. It also allows for people who are on holidays.Germany on the other hand attempts to encourage the highly skilled workers low skilled workers will therefore find its accessibility difficult. Professors, natural scientists, engineers and scientific subject personnel in high technologies find immigration easy. They are also given permanent residence and their family members allowed working in Germany as well. self employed immigrants or entrepreneurs are also allowed as long as they create jobs for Germans and makes profits. Through the Schengen Agreement people can travel through the Schengen countries with one schengen visa.Policy makers should see the global commercialise for immigrants as an opportunity. The visa laws should take advantage of the situation by ensuring that the recruitment process is skilful to the country through enabling retainment of needed immigrants. Economic migration will be beneficial to the countrys economy.The legal visa system fails to piece its goals. It is outdated and waiting lists for some family visas take more than 20 years. This hinders family members who employ at the prime of their lives to be eventually denied the chance until they are at their retirement age and can add very little if any economic contribution.(http//ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdf)The logic of family reunion is at times not realized and this is a cause of illegal migration due to frustrations experienced. Setting numeric limits of how many are to be accepted in the system will not be a successful measure unless there is an substantiation of flexible numerical limits with mechanisms put in place for adjusting the limits up or down.The criteria used to come up with the limits as to which one should not fall is also questionable. There could lack consensus on how much the number should be causing loopholes in the system. Immigrants have been beneficial to the U.S economy and they contribute to legal age of the new jobs. The issue of immigration is a politicized issue and the point is disoriented when politics outshine facts and economics. Immigrants should not be harshly treated.Family based visa rules should be restructured to attain the sole purpose of family reunion visas. However this should not outshine the economic function role. Temporary visas are not the beat out to attract the most outstanding immigrants. Very harsh measures on immigrants who are basically looking for better lives in lesser paying jobs are uncalled for. The many un documented immigrants do not actually cause a threat to the U.S security. They suffer a lot due to the limited access to social and political services. Criminalizing undocumented immigrants will be a problem as it will encourage more activities in the black market and it wont be economically viable for the U.S.Tightening security at the borders is a brilliant idea but the rate at which deaths are registered is alarming. If policies were more accommodating this should not be occurring. Increasing the round and the technology to speed up legal entries will be an inhibit measure in ensuring that immigrants are cleared up faster.According to the conservatives deportation act will not be economically viable to the country. They stand up the immigrants in flake for their rights through numerous strikes and demonstrations. The libels support the government in enforcing its sanctions. They are willing and ready to support the government in fighting its enemies be it foreign or domestic. Conservatives advocate for creation of new legal channels for immigrants. However, protection of national security should not be neglected. To balk future illegal border crossing the congress should grant immigrants already in U.S form of legal status.Works citedJana Evans-Braziel. narrative of migration and immigration laws in the United States.General premises of US Citizens.Retreived on 29th October 2007 fromhttp//www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.htmlMarc R.Rosenblum.US Immigration Reform can the system Be repaired. Retrieved on29th October 2006 fromhttp//ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdfBromwell W. Jeremy. History of Immigrants to the United States, A M Kelley, 1969.pp225Miller E Willard and Ruby M United States Immigration. A Reference handbook 1996JV6465 M55.pp304.Josiah M Herman Finding a Moral heart for US Migration policy. An anthropologicalPerspective.pp57Roy H.Beck The Case Against migration NewYork, 1996,pp40George J.Borjas Heavens doors. Princeton University Press.1999, pp52.Bill O. Hing The immigrant as criminal Punishing dreamers.9 Hasting womens law1998 Journal 79