Top Cheap Term Paper Writing Service Choices

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The Bright Future of Genetic Engineering Essay - 2185 Words

The Bright Future of Genetic Engineering Imagine the major food crops - corn, wheat, rice, soybeans - which can resist diseases - and resist pests - and create their own fertilizers - and resist extremes of weather. Imagine potatoes containing more protein, and other vegetables and fruits which contain more nutrients, taste better and resist rot. Can you imagine tomatoes that actually taste like tomatoes. Imagine what such food crops could mean for a world population which will double in less than 40 years. Imagine a fundamental revolution in health care - with treatments and perhaps even cures for heart disease, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, cancer and AIDS. Richard J. Mahoney, 1993 (Wekesser 30) Genetic engineering is a topic which†¦show more content†¦For example, a human gene, which is a portion of the DNA specifically responsible for the manufacture of one protein, can be placed in a bacterium which will then produce that protein and only that protein. In hybrid breeding, the process is limited to plants and animals of similar species, and the results are far less predictable. A hybrid is as likely to have unintended negative characteristics as it is likely to have the positive traits for which it was breed. Through the use of recombinant DNA, scientists have the flexibility to combine desired characteristics from various organisms while retaining complete control of the outcome. Recombinant DNA owes its existence to restriction enzymes. These enzymes which are contained within microbes can separate DNA at any specific segment of four nucleotides. Since there are almost 200 different restriction enzymes, scientists can separate the DNA molecule at almost any point. This process leaves the four nucleotides unconnected to their complimentary set. Referred to as the ‘sticky end,?these four nucleotides will then connect to their complementary pair in another strand of DNA that has been cleaved with a coordinated restriction enzyme. The resulting strand of DNA is physically indistinguishable from any other strand, however, it contains properties which otherwise would not have been present (Rosenthal 315). The process ofShow MoreRelated Genetic Engineering Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Engineering of Humans Human genetic engineering in the world today has become an issue because of its many positive uses and its probable consequences. There is no denying that it could be incredibly useful for preventing diseases such as cancer and others before we are even born. But, with this also comes the ability to give children genes before their born that will give them talent to run faster, jump higher, use more of their brain that will severly distinguish them from the rest ofRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States are genetically modified strains. Genetic engineering is very important to modern society because of the world’s expanding population and with the arising need of food; it provides an adequate source. Genetic engineering may have both advantages and disadvantages, but the future of mankind may be affected greatly if it is allowed to prosper as a modern science. Several main arguments that many people have about genetic e ngineering are the effects of scientific evolution, cloning experimentsRead MoreEssay about Applications of Gene Modification869 Words   |  4 Pagesleave people upset and not ready for change. One of the most prevalent examples of a controversial science is genetic engineering. The modification of genes is becoming a popular application in science, but some people aren’t ready. Genetic engineering will play a big part in the scientific world in the next few years. Most people don’t think this is a good thing, but the use of genetic modification can increase the worlds standard of living by letting scientists dictate how everyday things can beRead MoreBenefits Of Genetic Engineering1115 Words   |  5 Pageswill be talking about genetic engineering. What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the process of directly manipulating an organism’s genes or DNA in order to change its characteristics. Over the years, genetic engineering and modification has been trialled on many different things, (CHANGE SLIDE) including food such as creating seedless grapes, CHANGE SLIDE and animals such as dolly the sheep, the first cloned animal in the world. However, genetic engineering, especially on humans hasRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A World Where Autism And Downs Syndrome1270 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Imagine a world where autism and downs syndrome are a thing of the past, and where there is no shortage on food for anybody. Over the years mankind has developed and improved technology to save more and more lives through the manipulation of the DNA that makes up all living organisms. However, there are those who oppose this approach. Despite the risks and ethical concerns, genetic engineering holds the potential to benefit humanity through both direct and indirect means. InRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Paper 3. Long, Blond Hair, Bright,1310 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering: Paper 3 Long, blond hair, bright, blue eyes, genuine personality, athletic strengths, and intellectual brains: a flawless counterpart for any child being raised in today’s society.   It’s a matter of time before the enhancement of human evolution is available to the world.   Currently the question doesn’t begin with if but instead portrays the matter of when will genetic engineering be ready to manipulate the human nature.   Genetic engineering, which includes the deliberate modificationRead MoreEssay about The Human Genome Project1274 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Genetic engineering is, at best, a debatable branch of science. For some, it is the wave of the future: a method for perfecting the human genome, discarding flaws from infants before they are born and ensuring they live longer, healthier lives. For others, it is an abomination: a method of circumventing what nature gave you, and wholly unnatural. Which one is right?† (Bird). Naturally, genetics is the scientific study of inherited variations in the DNA strand. This topic sparked curiosity amongRead MorePros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many benefits of genetic engineering, but there are many risks too. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. Basically, scientists take DNA of one product and put it into another product to get a mixture of traits from both products. It’s like breeding different breeds of dogs to get a certain look or personality. Some people don’t mind what goes into genetically altered foods, while othersRead MoreThe Human Of Germ Line Engineering1523 Words   |  7 Pagestherapies. Where we go from here is up to us. In human germ-line engineering lays the opportunity to end much of the worlds suffering. The United States should not prohibit human germ-line engineering, but instead allow it under s trict regulations and close supervision to maintain optimal safety for future generations and the future of humanity. Those that oppose human germ-line engineering may argue that in changing the genes of future children, the potential for mistakes is present. â€Å"Designer babies†Read MoreGenetic Engineering. Factor X in human beings1515 Words   |  7 PagesRodriguez ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½1ï ¿ ½ Alex Rodriguez ENC 1102 11/18/2009 Genetic Engineering Were Factor X absent from human beings, all would be deprived of the essential quality underneath that is worthy of a certain minimal level of respect (Fukuyama 149). Factor X is the key factor in human beings that justify our equality. Francis Fukuyama categorizes accidental characteristics by skin color, social class and wealth, gender, cultural background, and even ones natural talents as nonessential

Explication In Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken - 782 Words

Explication of The Road Not Taken. The poem titled The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost is about a man reflecting on a choice he once made. While the outcome of this choice is not implied to be positive or negative the speaker notes that the choice in itself and the consequences of that choice have made a huge difference in the way his life has unfolded. The poem is about the importance of choices. The poem begins with the speaker regretting that he could not have been two people so he could have at some point in his life taken two roads instead of being confined to one. He looked as far as he could to see what was ahead on one of the roads he could have taken, but he was limited to seeing only as far as where it turned and†¦show more content†¦However, the most crucial trait related to the theme is the metaphorical language where Frost compares roads to optional courses people can take in their lives. By the speaker regretting he could take only one road, it means he does not have the chance to take several directions in life at one time to see how each will work out, since he cannot look ahead to see where each choice might lead (undergrowth: or our inability to foretell the future), or where the next choices in each of those roads would also lead. He must choose one and see where it will lead and what other choices will follow on that road. One thing the speaker knows is the choice is not to be taken lightly because it could, as he realizes while he reflects, be the difference between two very different life experiences (And that has made all the difference). Frosts use of metaphor is effective in him presenting his theme. Even if readers did not know that road was being used metaphorically, they would still know the poem is about a man making a choice. Using the idea of roads is something we can relate to because we have probably all come to two roads, literally, and have been uncertain about which way to turn. Sometimes we have turned and found that it was the wrong way and that has cost us time, made us late, or lead us somewhere we did not want to go. We can see in some way how even relatively insignificant decisions alter our lives, at least aShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost912 Words   |  4 Pageswhat could have been? Profound poet Robert Frost depicts this dilemma in his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken. The Road Not Taken is a narrative poem consisting of four stanzas of iambic tetrameter and was published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval. In this poem, Robert Frost uses title, imagery, and theme to complicate and lead the reader to unknowingly misunderstand the poem. Through careful explication of these elements of Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† one may discover the true meaning toRead MoreThe Road Not Taken1084 Words   |  5 PagesClara Kirkpatrick Mr. Woods English 102 CHA 8 November 2010 The Road Not Taken The poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost describes the dilemma in decision making, generally in life each individual has countless decisions to make and those decisions lead to new challenges, dilemmas and opportunities. In Frost’s poem, the careful traveler observes the differences of each path, one is bent and covered in undergrowth (Frost 5) and the other is grassy and unworn (Frost 8). In the end he knowsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken Poetry Exp.983 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Explication: â€Å"The Road Not Taken† By Robert Frost The four time Pulitzer Prize winning poet, Robert Frost, is well known for his picturesque portrayal of rural lifestyle, focusing mainly on the New England region of the United States. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, published in 1916 is one of his earliest written and most highly praised works. It is considered a masterpiece of American Literature and its content is frequently studied by high school and college students to this day. The poem isRead MoreRobert Frosts Use of Nature and Love3230 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference† (Frost 697). Robert Frost was a unique writer of the twentieth century. In his poems â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay†, â€Å"Birches†, â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†, â€Å"Fire and Ice†, â€Å"Mending Wall†, and â€Å"After Apple-picking†. Robert Frost explores the theme of nature and the human emot ion love. Robert Frost is considered a humanist and is one of the most well-known American poets. Robert Frost diedRead MorePoetic Devices and Poems3332 Words   |  14 Pagesstatement that at first seems self-contradictory but that on reflection makes sense. Ghost House by Robert Frost: â€Å"I dwell in a lonely house I know That vanished many a summer ago.† Symbolism: a thing that suggests more than its literal meaning. A symbol can be a thing or an action. Symbolism is the collective function of symbols in a work, or an author’s use of symbols. Example- The Road not Taken by Robert Frost. Cacophony: deliberate use of harsh, dissonant sounds. Example- Jabberwocky by LewisRead MoreLove and Nature in the Poems of Robert Frost Essay2313 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I- / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.† (Frost 697) Robert Frost was a unique writer of the 20th century. In his poems â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† Birches Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Fire and Ice and Mending Wall Robert Frost explores the theme of nature, and the human emotion love. Robert Frost is considered a humanist and is one of the most well-known American poets. â€Å"If the United States ever adopted a

Literature Review The Small Hydropower ( Shp ) - 2208 Words

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 SMALL HYDROPOWER (SHP) AAAAAAA 1. Powers et al (1985) did an assessment study on the fishway development and design. Method of water control and the degree and type of water control were formed the basis to classify fish passes. Swimming speed of the fishes was related to their lengths for designing the fish passes. Energy required by the fishes upstream was determined for three scenarios: (i) passing through the pools in fishways (ii) ascending a sloping channel like waterfall or spillway (iii) jumping over a weir or waterfall. [23] 2. Kamula et al (2000) studied the effects of modifications on the hydraulics of Denil fishways. The location of the highest velocities in the cross section of Denil fish passes was determined to be on the sides and not in the center. Since there is a non- uniform flow in the fish passes hence the velocities are not symmetrically distributed along the mid-axis. The plots for dimensionless discharge for the studied designs and for the standard Denil pass were found to be almost parallel to each other. The topmost portion of the Denil fishpass is subjected to higher velocities so must be designed accordingly. [24] 3. Boubà ©e et al (2003) studied the downstream migration and passage technologies for diadromous fishes in the United States and New Zealand. Intake screens in the form of rotating drums have been the most

The Neoclassical School Of Influencing Policy Makers Essay

Competition is widely considered the backbone of innovation, and the fundamental driving force behind creative destruction leading to greater satisfaction. This is a vital element of the Neoclassical school theory which is the central school of influencing policy makers. However, a problem is that the term competition entails a broad range of variations and meanings. Thus differing schools of thought challenge this ideal, and put forward the idea that the aim of competition is usually not an absolute goal to improve oneself, but rather to be better relative to the competition (Wissenz, 2010). Criticism may be aimed at extreme forms of competition for encouraging unethical behaviour, being inefficient and providing consumers with less satisfaction than the Neoclassical School claims. Given the spectrum of strengths in which competition can be applied, it’s necessary to understand the different forms of competition, as well as the context of the markets examined. The Neoclassical perspective champions competition, in all it’s forms, as being a model that benefits both the consumers and suppliers. The benefits for consumers being an increased choice which in turn leads to better consumer satisfaction as more of these goods are modelled to specific tastes. In contrast, monopolistic markets show a decline in social welfare through limited choice, reduced consumer surplus due to the ability to charge high prices, and a potentially low need to innovate. The hypothesis that moreShow MoreRelatedThe Theory of the Contestable Market2230 Words   |  9 Pagesconcluding with an analysis of the degree to which there is synthesis. Static view of competition The static view of competition focuses on the market structure as the key determining factor in the performance and behaviour of firms. It is the neoclassical approach of competition, origination from the work of economist’s Cournot and Edgeworth. This traditional view sees market structure as rigidly determining firm s conduct (its output decisions and pricing behaviour), which yields an industry sRead MoreThe Theory Of Economic Growth6096 Words   |  25 Pages(Need to finish the abstract) 2.0 Introduction The aim of this original piece of research is to contribute to the overall understanding of how financial development effects different sources of economic growth alongside the effectiveness of fiscal policy. In highlighting this research direction, a strong literature review is needed to indicate if any gaps exist. As the topic is well researched and broad, it is important to streamline this research into a specific yet important fields to identifyRead MoreImpact of Fdi and Economic Growth19761 Words   |  80 PagesForeign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in South Korea and Policy Lessons for Nepal (A Master Degree Dissertation) Submitted by: Raj Kumar Rai MSc. International Finance Student Ref No: M00235713 Submitted to: Middlesex University Business School, London 2008/09 September 25, 2009 London, United Kingdom I Abstract Foreign direct investment (FDI) is taken as one of the key factor of rapid economic growth and development. FDI, it is believed to stimulateRead MoreFactors Affecting Good Governance in Pakistan5795 Words   |  24 Pagesimportance, differences also exist in respect of hypothetical formulations, policy prescriptions and conceptualization of the subject itself. Researchers have different ideology convictions due to which its formulation differs in different areas. Policy analysis stand empirically on the historical research of governance gives distinction to government failures to deliver, leading to propositions for downsizing or rightsizing, while policy prescriptions for good governance take an evolutionary observationRead MoreCountry Risk Analysis of Nigeria8877 Words   |  36 PagesProcurement which seems to be a major concern across most sectors Here we are discussing about the corruption in Nigeria. There are some major points that show how much corrupted Nigeria is. These are location, accounting standards, anti-corruption policy credibility and enforceability, cultural difference, political leadership, political change and at home. Location This is because if it pays bribe in a particular country then it has to pay bribe in the neighboring country. Nigeria is a bribeRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 PagesDEMAND I: HOW MARKETS WORK Chapter 4 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand Elasticity and Its Application Supply, Demand, and Government Policies How does the economy coordinate interdependent economic actors? Through the market forces of supply and demand. The tools of supply and demand are put to work to examine the effects of various government policies. Chapter 5 Chapter 6 PART THREE: SUPPLY AND DEMAND II: MARKETS AND WELFARE Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Consumers, Producers, and theRead MoreThe Stakeholder Theory11680 Words   |  47 Pagesby: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/258887 Accessed: 20/04/2010 23:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR s Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive onlyRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesBeast 2 The Design School Strategy Formation as a Process of Conception 3 The Planning School Strategy Formation as a Formal Process 4 The Positioning School Strategy Formation as an Analytical Process ix 1 23 47 81 5 The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process 123 6 The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process 149 7 The Learning School Strategy Formation as an Emergent Process 175 8 The Power School Strategy FormationRead MoreLiterature Review on Consumer Behaviour16053 Words   |  65 PagesThe Marketing Review, 2002, 2, 319-355 www.themarketingreview.com Pachauri Moneesha Pachauri1 Nottingham University Business School Consumer Behaviour: a Literature Review In order to develop a framework for the study consumer behaviour it is helpful to begin by considering the evolution of the field of consumer research and the different paradigms of thought that have influenced the discipline. As described in this article, a set of dimensions can be identified in the literature, which can beRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesUniversity Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly

Fact Sheet Analysis Geographical - Cultural and the Political

Question: Discuss about the Fact Sheet Analysis for Geographical, Cultural and the Political. Answer: Introduction: The China has the largest population of the world about 1.357 billion population and total land area of the country is 9.597 million square kilometer, thus the area of land per head population is 70.72218 square meter (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). The United State of America (USA) is a big country, the total land area of USA is around 9.857 million square kilometer and the country has huge population of about 318.9 millions. The country is one of the greatest powers of the modern world a major economic power. The area of land per head population of the country is 30.90937598 m2 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). Whereas, another super power European Union has 4.325million square kilometer of total land area with total population of 508 million and area of land per head population is 8.513779528 square meter much lesser than USA. Japan another major economy has total land area of 377972 square kilometer with total population of 127.3 million and area o f land per head population is 2.969143755 squares meter the lowest in this category (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). India is a developing country has total land area of 3.287 million square kilometer with huge population about 1.252 billion population and the area of land per head is 26.25399361 square meter (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). Moreover, Australia has total land area of 7.692 million square kilometer with only 23.13 million total populations and the area of land per head population is the highest approximately332.5551232 square meter (Anon, 2016). Cultures and religions of India India is considered as the home of variety of the cultures with variety of religions. Since it is a democratic country, the priority is made to people with giving rise to the variety of cultural practices with the consideration of variety of the cultures in the variety of the states (Clark-DeceÃÅ'â‚ ¬s and Guilmoto, 2011). The enhancements also help in the consideration of the political developments that creates the chaos in the country in the form of the riots. With the help of the consideration liberalisation, the economic overview of the country is seemed to be in the state of the average growth rate and for this reason the stability is gained in the country with the appropriate maintenance of the incomes of the people (Srinivasan and Jermyn, 2002). Cultures and religions of China The community and the cultural links help in the creation of the strong bonding among the people of china. With the development of the community, china has adopted the enhancements that help in the creation of tourism in the country which thereby helps in the increment of the economy in the country (Bao and Wang, 2007). It also helps in acknowledging the transfer of the religious beliefs and the process with providing people to people relationship (Guo, 2013). With the consideration of the engagement of the education in china, the social and the cultural relationship added values to the bilateral relationship formed within the country. Cultures and religions of Japan Cultural and the religious practices are the part of each and every country. Current state determines the Buddhism and the Shinto helps in the creation of the rituals for the side-by-side influencing of the people undertaking the religious preaches. With the creation of these two religious beliefs, community clash stated which created the religious riots with the enhancement of the spirituality in each and every ones mind and thereby the rituals created the way for the adoption of the cultures in the form of the beliefs. Henceforth the cultural segregation takes place with the creation of the differentiation takes place two religions. Cultures and religions of Australia Australia is considered as the modern, multicultural and contemporary with the consideration of the buildings, fashions, recreations and the foods (Bartlett, 2002). Australia is also considered as the land of the aboriginals and the indigenous peoples that consists of the oldest living cultures with the consideration of the archaeological evidence and thereby it also helps in the creation of the Torres Strait Islander peoples who are settled in the mainland of the Queensland and Papua New Guinea (Hammonds, 2010). With the variations of the cultures and the religious trends, the mistreatment and injustices are still made with the differentiation of the black and the white people. Cultures and religions of the European Union The cultural and the religious framework created the formal relationship with the enhancement f the trade and foreign exchanges that helps in the consideration of the multilateral and the bilateral investment systems (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). The cultural views also provide the energy issues that are seemed to be depicted in the case of the movement of the technology and innovations with the variation of the religious practices. The religious practices consist of the Christianity, Catholicism, Protestantism and the eastern orthodoxy. These religions are adopted by the European Union with the accounting practices and henceforth the dominations are made accordingly. Cultures and religions of the United States of America The creation of the current religions helps in the creation of the various economic overviews that helps in the consideration of the investments and the trade growth. The major religious trends and the overview of the religions help in the consideration of the geographic distribution that helps in the creation of Christianity and the Judaism (Pinn, Finley and Alexander, 2009). The Native Americans follows the Native Americans religions with the exploration of the religious groups with the creation of tradition and the family with the denomination. These practices are carried out for the welfare of the beliefs and the considerations are created as per the dominations and the traditions regarding the family beliefs. Political and Legal Systems China Chinas basic political system is on peoples congress system, and China follow legal system from Vermont law school. Australia has a diplomatic relationship with the Peoples Republic of China since 1972 and Australia has set up an embassy in Beijing in 1973 (Elleman and Paine, 2010). Both the country has linked by a bilateral relationship, which is based on economic along with the trade complementarities, a widespread program of top-level visits as well as widespread cooperation. China is the biggest both ways trading partner of Australia. The trade agreement between the Australia and China free trade agreement has been enforced on 20th December 2015, which improve the trade and investment within the two countries. India India is the one of the largest democracy of the world and the country has dual polity system so that in central the central authority rules and in the state authority at the state periphery. The President is the head of the country and Prime Minister is head of the Government (Robb, 2011). Presently, India is becoming a major regional power. Australia has a bilateral relationship with Australia and prominent strategic relationship. India is Australias 10th largest trading partner as well as 5th largest export destination. India has significant relation with other super power like USA and UK (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). Australia Australia is one of the largest country and with rich minerals one of the biggest economy. The country has important economic and trade relations with the dominant countries of the world such as USA, China, Japan, EU and India. Favorable political as well as legal structure helps the country to increase it trade and business activities across nations in exponent way. In this nation there are boundless opportunities as well as endless potential. The country has Commonwealth Parliament or Federal Parliament. The Parliament is the legislative branch of Government of Australia. USA The system of the government of the USA helps in the creation of the political structure that comprises of the 50 states with the inclusion of the District of Columbia. The constituent states the separation of the significant powers of the self government with the creation of the election numbers of about 100 million. The states electors the winning candidate as the president with receiving the amount of 270 votes out of the 538 Electoral College votes. With this the formation of the two political parties are created that are the Republican and the Democratic Party with both encompassing a variety of the views. European Union The political and the legal system of European Union comprises of the European Council, European parliament and the European commission. It generally composed of the heads with the consideration of the Reform Treaties and thereby the international discussions are made accordingly. For the consideration of the legal systems, it comprises of the treaties of reforms and the legislations that helps the country to carry out appropriate trade policy governance. Japan Japan consists of the democratic constitutional monarchy with a parliament headed by the parliament government. The political system comprises of the house of the representatives with the house of the councillors (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016). Executive power is invested in the case of the prime ministers and the ministers of the state. These helps in the appropriate regulation of the issues with the continuation of the controls of the administration and thereby the control are being supervised easily. Growth and Trade In 2014- 15, export of unprocessed key goods is exponentially increase by14.5 percent to $184.5 billion and the overall processes primary goods is hiked by 13.3 percent to $49.7 billion. Overall exports of the manufactures is hiked by around 5.9% to $42.9 billion on the basis of the simply transformed manufactures export which is increase by around 9% to $13.45 billion which is exponentially increase by the elaborately changed manufactures (ETM exports increase by around 4.4 percent to 28.3%. other key good Gold and other confidential trade export is decreased by around 6.1 percent to $19 billion. Export and import References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/australia-in-brief.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Bao, G. and Wang, G. (2007).Minority religions of China. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. Bartlett, A. (2002).The aboriginal peoples of Australia. Minneapolis: Lerner. Clark-DeceÃÅ'â‚ ¬s, I. and Guilmoto, C. (2011).A Companion to the anthropology of India. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016).China country brief. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/china/pages/china-country-brief.aspx [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016).European Union brief. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/europe/european-union/Pages/european-union-brief.aspx [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016).India country brief. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/india/Pages/india-country-brief.aspx [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016).Japan country brief. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/japan/pages/japan-country-brief.aspx [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016).United States of America country brief. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/united-states-of-america/Pages/united-states-of-america-country-brief.aspx [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Elleman, B. and Paine, S. (2010).Modern China. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Guo, R. (2013).Regional China. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hammonds, H. (2010).Religions and beliefs in Australia. South Yarra, Vic.: Macmillan Education Australia. Pinn, A., Finley, S. and Alexander, T. (2009).African American religious cultures. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. Robb, P. (2011).A history of India. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Srinivasan, R. and Jermyn, L. (2002).India. New York: Marshall Cavendish.

Develop Organizational Marketing Objectives

Question: The speculation to widen new brands and achieving ownership for recognized products are on the vein. The continuous focus on cost and efficiency with the divergent interest to reconfigure the circulation and manufacturing is exactly revealed in their operations Answer: 1. Profile Of Cadbury Cadbury was originated before 200 years when John Cadbury has opened his shop in Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolates with other glossary. It started its operation in India in 1948 by importing chocolates and distributing in the Indian market. Cadbury Indiais a company of food products which produces chocolates, beverages, confectionery, candy and snacks. Cadbury is the market leader in India in chocolate industry with 70% of market share. The well-known Cadbury products are Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Gems, Bournvita and Temptations. 1.1 Vision: The vision statement of Cadbury is Our vision is to be the biggest and the best confectionary company in the world. 1.2 Mission: The mission statement is To deliver superior shareholder returns. The top priority shows to capability, growth and efficiency. The concentration of organizational procedure is delivered on premium global and regional brands. The speculation to widen new brands and achieving ownership for recognized products are on the vein. The continuous focus on cost and efficiency with the divergent interest to reconfigure the circulation and manufacturing is exactly revealed in their operations. The organizational objective reveals their efficiency on guarantee providedto investors and customers. It has reinforced them to a pure-play confectionary business. The business operations of Cadburys are highly value oriented which concentrates on their performance, responsibility, integrity, respect and quality. The local and global legal and cultural standards of Cadbury are revealed in their basic business principles and code of ethics conduct. They are more considerable on their demographic locations. Their leadership style is aggressive which focuses on competitive domination over competitors and there are more passionate at the best. The leadership style concentrates on developing human resources, accountability, values, flexibility, innovation, motivation and collaboration which help to develop their business. The Cadburys research and development concentrates on innovative ideas through insights and foresights of customers and trends. The millions of customers feedback are considered as an input for innovations. They tend to apprehend the similarities of various market operations. During innovation their operations are always science centered. The implementation of brand new communication techniques helps to interact to customers with their favorite brands. The incorporation of applying everything in innovative formats, new recipe using new technology are pursue in the growth. The innovative communication campaigns are performed to organize sponsorship and marketing programs. 1.3 Purpose and Value: The core purpose of Cadbury is to Create brands that people love. The values of Cadbury are performance, quality, respect, integrity and responsibility. Performance they are obsessive about winning. They compete in a tough way but follow ethical values. They are organized to take risks and perform faster. Quality safety and quality are ensured at the heart of their all activities. Respect they act genuinely for their businesses and colleagues. They listen, understand and respond. They are friendly, open and welcoming. Integrity they have their own principles which are clear and they do it what they say. Responsibility they are socially, economically and environmentally responsible for the impact. This is the core purpose and value of Cadbury India to make business, partners and communities better for the future. Organizational Directions: Cadbury India has a strong belief in endorsing cultural diversity and equality along with the employees and it is followed throughout the organization. It has effectively broken down the barriers existed in communication between the employees and the management and thereby opens up two way communication channel which flows in both the directions. Managers are always approachable by the employees and they offer their complete support and motivation to employees in order to complete their job. The work culture at Cadbury India is not only performance driven but also integrates workplace fun. People are proud to be a part of globally admired company and to be connected with one of the most popular brands in India. Passion for People concept in Cadbury India is a prearranged program which assists to prepare line managers to be efficient and impactful people managers. It focuses on confining the nature of work culture which helps to create right climate, retains what is unique, team motivation and achieving greater results. Purple star program is an entry level leaders program which assists in training fresh people in organization. The rising competition in the fast moving consumer goods market has resulted in a mandatory committed workforce. Cadbury India believes that employees have the enthusiasm, commitment and force to achieve the goal. 1.4 Organizational Targets: The current market size of Indian chocolate industry is more than a billion dollars. Cadbury India Limited holds almost two-third (70%) of market share far ahead of its competitors Nestle and Amul in chocolate segment. The gross profit was up 21.3% to Rs. 42.7 billion from Rs. 35.2 billion previously. The net profit at Rs. 40.6 billion were up 20.8%. The gross profits are largely due to the pickup of sales in chocolates and wafer biscuits of Rs. 32.4 billion, malted foods of Rs. 6.42 billion, biscuits of Rs. 2.12 billion and hard boiled confectionary and gums comes into balance. The initial market value of Cadbury India was Rs. 1743 per equity share and later it was revised upwards to Rs. 2014.50 per equity share. 1.5 Marketing Objectives: Short Term: To position itself as an all-time favorite chocolate for all groups of people irrespective of age, gender and class. To make the sweets affordable with several variants. Long Term: Increasing the sales profit of Cadbury Diary Milk (CDM) Positioning the Cadbury Diary Milk as an alternative for traditional Indian sweets in order to grasp the rich tradition of Indian people linked with desserts. Retaining the market share throughout the years by product innovation in the areas of product development and packaging. 2. Situational Analysis: 2.1 Competitive Analysis: Nowadays, the Indian chocolate market is getting larger and better. Though there are imported varieties on one hand, companies like Cadbury establish their own products in the Indian market with international standards. In the early 90s the market share of Cadbury was 80% but after the entry of Nestle into Indian chocolate market the market share of Cadbury has been reduced to 70%. Nestle holds 15% of market share and the other 15% by Amul and other companies. There always exist a high competition between Cadbury and Nestle where Nestle is trying to have tough fight with Cadbury (Indian Mirror, 2011). Nestle has been linked with India since 1912. They started their first manufacturing unit in India in 1961 and they opened up 7 manufacturing units in India till 2006. Initially their products were beverages, nutrition, milk products and cooking aids. Later, they launched premium products such Bar One, Crunch, Milky Bar and other Milk Chocolates against Cadburys 5 star and Diary Milk (Nestle India Ltd, 2012). Kit Kat was established in India in 1995 and within the short period of its launching time it became popular and it was based on Nestls target. Cadbury has launched its Perk against the competition of Kit Kat in order to retain its brand. Kit Kat and Perk was a new product segment in wafer chocolates as anytime snacks. Amuls milk chocolate, crunch, Fruits N Nuts and Badam Bar were launched by Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF, 1974). But it failed to concentrate on international market and was not able to increase its market shares (GCMMF, 2001). 3. Legal And Ethical Requirements: 3.1 Codes of Practice: Codes of practice are recognized as set of recommended or ideal procedures, accomplishment or organizational structures to be applied in a specified situation. It endow with the details on how to attain the standards essential for work health and safety (WHS). Codes of practice of Cadbury India Limited addresses the financial aspects of corporate governance, boards of directors rights and their roles, review the structure, efficiency and accountability of shareholders and auditors. Itaddresses the various aspects of accountancy profession and provides reliable recommendations. 3.2 Cultural Expectations and Influences: Cultural expectations are defined as the clients or a group of clients trying to find out assistance from the organization, both the employees and clients embrace few expectations of what is needed in the future and what will be provided. Misunderstandings might occur when the employees or clients are not clarified. The expectations might be based on demographics, socio-economic, psychographic and stages of life cycle. Cultural influences are defined as historical, geographical and domestic factors that impacts evaluation and interference processes. Cultural influences that are significant to the client might include the clients racial identification, cultural bias, immigration history and status. Cadbury India has a strong belief in enhancing the cultural diversity and equality among the employees and it is followed throughout the organization. 3.3 Environmental Issues: It is defined as any change or modification to the environment, whether unfavorable or favorable, resulting from the activities of company, products or services. Cadbury India faced a media attack and sales decline due to the reports of worms in chocolate bars. Though the problem was on retail merchants, the company was in a position to solve the crisis, and fast. Company faced a great challenge to deal with the public opinion crisis due to their lack of experience. In order to rebuild the consumer trust and confidence in product quality, Cadbury took immediate step to improve their packaging to prevent from further infestation. They underwent a comprehensive media campaign which promoted trust and transparency (Epa.gov, 2011). 3.4 Ethical Principles: Ethics are defined as a set of moral principles that directs the behavior of an individual. It reflects on the belief about right, wrong, fair, unfair, good and bad in terms of human behavior. Cadbury India has a strong belief that good ethics and business go together naturally to produce long term results for the stakeholders. It does business in ethical way to safeguard and promote the company and also it does business with the people and communities that have good reputation. The programs such as Cadbury Cocoa Partnership and Purple Goes Green are their ethical standard programs (Hardeep Bikram, 2012). 3.5 Health and Safety the rules and procedures proposed to inhibit any accidents or injuries in workplaces or public environments. Each and every employeeis made to work under healthy and safety environment by providing necessary precautions such as gloves, face masks and other health and safety accessories. 3.6 Legislation it is defined as the process of generating or endorsing laws. The legislation at Cadbury India is endorsed by the Food Safety Legislation and it is followed as per the legislation without any violations. 3.7 Policies and Guidelines a set of policies are principles, rules and guidelines formed or implemented by the company to attain its long term goals or objectives and naturally announced in a booklet which is accessible widely by everyone. Cadburys policies and guidelines are published every year and it is revised whenever the additional changes are implemented in the policies and guidelines. 3.8 Regulations it is defined as a rule or instruction made and maintained by the authorities. It is also an action or progression of regulation. The activities at Cadbury India are ensured that it is followed by the rules and regulations that are compiled by food safety legislation and no harm is applicable to any of the individuals, public and communities. 3.9 Security and Privacy Issues it is defined as the principle of maintaining secure and secret from other individuals, information provided by or about an individual in the course of a professional relationship. At Cadbury India they respect the security and privacy of personal information about individuals. They are more secured in collecting, using, disclosing and managing personal information about the individuals (Grant Bruce, 2002). 3.10 Social Responsibility it is defined as an obligation of company to be responsible to all of its stakeholders in all of its functions and operations. Cadbury India has taken several initiatives for the benefits of society. There are various activities involved by Cadbury India and one of the most important corporate social responsibilities was addressing some of the problems in Baddi Sandholi Village. Their activities have benefited 400 families in Sandholi village and about 70 school going children. 3.11 Societal Expectations it is defined as an adopted social norm for organizations and individuals, and for society as a whole, about what people have to do. Cadbury India is economically, legally, ethically and philanthropically responsible to society. Cadbury India is profitable every year, maximizes sales, minimizes costs, obey laws and regulations, do what is right and fair and act as good corporate company. They have developed a practice of public conversation and joint action for meaningful activities. 4. Developing Marketing Objective: Marketing objectives are important within a marketing strategy that creates attention among clients and also helps to grasp the attention of public to keep the business surviving. It helps to set out what a firm wants to achieve from the activities of marketing. The marketing objectives for Cadbury India have been developed and they are as follows: Survival of Brandit is one of the important objectives for any businesses. Lack of survival means no today and no future. The business circumstances should be considered important for survival of brand. The circumstances can be of early stage, difficult stage and take-over stage. Maximization of profit it is often considered to be the reason for the existence of firm and to be the significant objective in practices. According to the hierarchy of objectives when the firms survival is threatened, profit maximization restores the financial health of the firm. Sales Growth it refers the business goal to become larger, stronger and more competitive. Sales growth is important for survival, launch of new products, to reduce businesses risk and to have low costs. Diversification it is often considered as a protection against downturns in a single industry or method used to grow the business. It does not eliminate risks; however it is just a tool which minimizes the risk in the investments. It reduces the dependence on one product and eliminates the business risks. Improving Brand Image Branding touches and interconnect with all the business operations such as marketing, production and sales. The ideal customers identifies that they are being persuaded and they know what to expect from the products or services. It creates positive thought in the minds of customers. These are the primary marketing objectives which are capable, ethical, legal, measurable, observable and attainable for the firm to achieve. 5. Risk Management Strategy: 5.1 Identifying Risks: A strong marketing objective is a core component for the success of an organization. But communicating a message to customers becomes more mystifying and difficult due to the barriers that occur behind the scenes during planning and implementation of marketing objectives. Following are the barriers that affect the marketing objective of an organization: Dilemma between strategy and business tactics Quarantining the functions of marketing from operations Dilemma between functions and concepts of marketing Organizational barriers Absence of exhaustive analysis Dilemma between procedure and input Absence of knowledge and skills Absence of efficient approach to marketing planning Failure to prioritize the marketing objectives Aggressive corporate cultures 5.2 Managing Contingencies: It is essential to overcome the barriers and implement the marketing objectives. Following methods helps to overcome the barriers and manages to run the process efficiently. Applying rational approach to execution it is essential for the managers to use logical model to direct the execution decisions and actions. Logical model assist the managers what steps to take and when to take. Need for integration integration are absolutely important for the efficiency or market-related goals of the organization. People in various functions frequently view the world differently: RD, Production and sales. Coordinating all these functions to achieve common goal is difficult. Still, it is important to overcome the barriers. Explaining responsibilities it is difficult for the managers to coordinate the team unless their responsibilities and accountabilities are clear. Applying responsibility matrix or simple tool can help to define the tasks and activities and people responsible for the tasks. Creating incentives and controls efficiently incentives and controls are important for the successful implementation of marketing objectives. Motivation and valid feedback control play an important part in the implementation effort Managing the change making the changes that are essential for process execution and overcoming the resistance is the final step in the process. Managing change is a complex process, but successful execution depends on it. These are the significant considerations in risk management strategy. Though its challenging, it is important to focus on these strategies for successful implementation. 6. Swot Analysis Of Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM): 6.1 Strength: Dairy milk is the major strength of Cadbury and it is the most consumed chocolate in India irrespective of age, gender and class. Dairy milk has well-adjusted itself to Indian custom Popular Indian models like Cyrus Brocha, Preety Zinta and Amitabh Bachan has managed to portray a young and sporty image which has ended in converting buyers from other brands Customers have a positive perception about the quality of product Dairy milk has repositioned itself in all the categories. 6.2 Weaknesses: Lack of penetration in the rural market has made people to ignore it as a high end product It has been relatively priced high product which is turning the price conscious customers away People avoid having the chocolate thinking about the ingredients such as egg. 6.3 Opportunities: The rise of chocolate market has seen a greatest increase (almost 30%) in the recent times There exist a more growth potential for the chocolates since the huge population in India even today does not consume chocolates can be converted as new users 6.4 Threats: There exist no brand loyalty in the chocolate market and consumers might shift to a new product since there is availability of more chocolates in the Indian market New chocolates are launched and existing brands also introduces new variant to add up to an already overcrowded market. Increase in the fuel cost has led to the increase in transportation and distribution cost. Similarly, cost of procurement and distribution is high as well. Constant rise in the cost has led to increase in price of product which creates a gap for other companies to enter. Rise of health consciousness prefer people to avoid chocolates. Similarly, parents avoid chocolates to children due to the adverse effects Decline in the importance of festivals has reduced the purchase of chocolates during festivals Increased demand and growing purchasing power has reduced the value of chocolates References: Epa.gov, 2011, Environmental Aspects, accessed Grant Kelly Bruce McKenzie, 2002, Security, Privacy and Confidentiality Issues, accessed Hardeep Singh Bikram Pal Singh, 2012, Ethical Values and Business Ethics in Multinational Companies in India in Context of Globalization: An Empirical Study, Jim Riley, 2010, Explain the role of Marketing Objectives, accessed Julie Rains, 2011, Why Brand Image is Important to the Tiniest of Businesses, accessed Koichi Hasegawa, Chika Shinohara Jeffrey P. Broadbent, 2007, The Effects of Social Expectation on the Development of Civil Society in Japan, Lawrence Hrebiniak, 2008, Making Strategy Work: Overcoming The Obstacles to Effective Execution, Marketing91.com, 2014, SWOT Analysis of Cadbury, accessed Malcolm McDonald, 1989, Ten Barriers to Marketing Planning, accessed Neil Kokemuller, 2013, Diversification and its Importance, accessed Ruchin.org, 2013, Annual Report, accessed Santhosh Gupta, 2011, Cadbury Company with Respect to its Marketing Strategy, accessed Sarah Clark, 2003, How to Transform Consumer Opinion when Disaster Strikes / The 2003 Cadbury India Worm Infestation, accessed SunandaChavan, 2010, SWOT Analysis of Cadbury, accessed VijayalakshmiIyengar, 2012, Corporate Social Responsibility as a determinant of market strategic issues: An exploratory study, accessed Yahoofinance.com, 2012, The Importance of Diversification, accessed